The Trump administration’s cuts to the largest global H.I.V. program last year resulted in sharp drops in both prevention efforts and treatment for the people most at risk from the disease, according to the first large survey of organizations that had received the funds.

The findings show a grimmer picture of the impact of the cuts than the State Department’s data, released in April, which seemed to suggest that the program had helped to treat about as many people last year as it had in 2024.

To comply with the administration’s policies, the new survey, conducted by the H.I.V. charity amfAR, found, three-quarters of the organizations stopped providing services to those at highest risk from H.I.V. — sex workers, men who have sex with men, transgender people and people who inject drugs. The results are scheduled to be presented next week at a large international AIDS conference in Rio de Janeiro.

“We have not verified this specific report, but we can categorically say that its methodology is flawed,” the State Department, which oversees PEPFAR, said in an emailed statement. “The Trump Administration has strengthened PEPFAR through clear strategic direction, promoting greater recipient-country ownership, and sharpening the program’s focus on measurable health outcomes.”

A second study, conducted by a multinational group of scientists, which will also be presented at the conference, found that the cuts had disproportionately affected children with H.I.V. The program, called the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, or PEPFAR, supported treatment for about 77,000 fewer children in 2025 than it had the previous year, representing a 14 percent decline, the study found.

Worldwide, nearly half of all children living with H.I.V. do not have access to treatment, according to UNAIDS, the United Nations program.

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